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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...
Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

The surgery of epilepsy.

Johannes Schramm1, Hans Clusmann

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany.

Neurosurgery
|September 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy surgery has advanced significantly over 30 years, becoming safer and more effective. Improved diagnostics and surgical techniques now offer better seizure control for patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Epilepsy surgery has gained widespread acceptance in the last three decades.
  • Advancements in diagnostic tools have been critical for its increased efficacy and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the evolution of epilepsy surgery over the past 30 years.
  • To describe current presurgical evaluation and surgical strategies.
  • To discuss future perspectives in epilepsy surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Development of video electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring.
  • Improvements in high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Integration of functional imaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with EEG.

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Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
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Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue

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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
09:32

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
13:14

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue

Published on: October 26, 2014

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
09:32

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

  • Advancements in microneurosurgical techniques and less invasive resection methods.

    • Main Results:

    • Epilepsy surgery is now more effective with higher seizure control rates.
    • Surgical procedures have become safer, less invasive, and associated with lower morbidity and mortality.
    • Enhanced preoperative identification of epileptogenic lesions and zones is now possible.

    Conclusions:

    • Epilepsy surgery has transformed into a highly effective and safe treatment option.
    • Technological and surgical advancements have significantly improved patient outcomes.
    • Continued innovation promises further improvements in epilepsy management through surgery.