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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Highlights in nonhymenoptera anaphylaxis.

Kathrin Scherer¹, Barbara K Ballmer-Weber, Andreas J Bircher

¹Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|July 4, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nonhymenoptera anaphylaxis, particularly from food and drugs, is increasing, especially in young children. New research highlights cross-reactivity in drug allergies and identifies tree nuts and peanuts as key triggers for severe reactions.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

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Published on: October 14, 2014

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Published on: June 29, 2021

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

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Published on: May 31, 2021

Area of Science:

Immunology
Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Pharmacology

Background:

Nonhymenoptera anaphylaxis is a significant clinical concern.
Food and drug allergies are common causes of anaphylaxis.
Understanding new findings is crucial for clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in nonhymenoptera anaphylaxis.
To focus on food and drug allergy-induced anaphylaxis.
To highlight novel research and clinical insights.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent findings in nonhymenoptera anaphylaxis.
Emphasis on food allergy and drug allergy.
Discussion of cross-reactivity, immunogenic metabolites, and atypical reactions.

Main Results:

Cross-reactivity among betalactams and NSAIDs, including diclofenac's immunogenic metabolite.
Atypical anaphylaxis-like reactions to monoclonal antibodies and pholcodine sensitization.
Increased food-related anaphylaxis, especially in children under 5; tree nuts and peanuts are major fatal triggers.

Conclusions:

No reliable marker allergens for food-related anaphylaxis are currently available.
Drug groups reviewed are significant due to their allergenic potential or new findings.
Further research is needed to predict severity and identify predictive markers.