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Related Concept Videos

Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies with...
Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Dimensionless Groups in Fluid Mechanics01:15

Dimensionless Groups in Fluid Mechanics

Dimensionless groups in fluid mechanics provide simplified ratios that help analyze fluid behavior without relying on specific units. The Reynolds number (Re), which represents the ratio of inertial to viscous forces, distinguishes between laminar and turbulent flows, making it essential in the design of pipelines and aerodynamic surfaces. The Froude number (Fr), the ratio of inertial to gravitational forces, is particularly useful in predicting wave formation and hydraulic jumps in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
10:56

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

Spatial cooperativity in soft glassy flows.

J Goyon1, A Colin, G Ovarlez

  • 1LOF, Université Bordeaux 1, UMR CNRS-Rhodia-Bordeaux 1 5258, 33608 Pessac cedex, France.

Nature
|July 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flowing amorphous materials like emulsions exhibit complex behavior. A simple non-local flow rule, not a local one, explains their motion, revealing cooperative dynamics in jammed states.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
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Published on: May 20, 2014

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Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films
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Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films

Published on: January 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Rheology
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Amorphous materials (emulsions, pastes, glasses) exhibit complex flow between solid and liquid states.
  • Their stress-strain rate relationships are strongly nonlinear, a poorly understood phenomenon.
  • These materials are crucial in diverse applications, including coatings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the flow behavior of concentrated emulsions in confined thin layers.
  • To determine if a local or non-local flow rule governs their rheology.
  • To understand the role of confinement, surface roughness, and concentration on flow dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized microfluidic velocimetry to measure velocity profiles.
  • Characterized flow in thin emulsion layers confined between surfaces with varying thicknesses and roughness.
  • Analyzed data to identify finite-size effects and the nature of the flow rule.

Main Results:

  • Observed finite-size effects influencing flow behavior.
  • Found no evidence for an intrinsic local flow rule.
  • Demonstrated that a simple non-local flow rule accurately describes all observed velocity profiles.
  • Quantified flow non-locality with a characteristic cooperativity length, increasing with concentration in jammed states.

Conclusions:

  • The rheology of confined amorphous materials is governed by non-local flow rules, not local ones.
  • A characteristic length scale of cooperativity emerges in jammed states, absent in liquid states.
  • These findings suggest universal principles governing glassy, jammed, and granular systems.