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Related Concept Videos

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect various areas...
Organization of the Brain01:31

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...

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Related Experiment Video

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Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
08:49

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Published on: January 22, 2018

Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex.

Patric Hagmann1, Leila Cammoun, Xavier Gigandet

  • 1Department of Radiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Plos Biology
|July 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers mapped human brain networks using diffusion spectrum imaging, identifying a structural core in the posterior cortex. This core connects different brain modules and aligns with functional networks, suggesting a key role in integration.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging
  • Network Science

Background:

  • The human cerebral cortex features specialized regions connected by intricate axonal pathways.
  • Understanding the large-scale structural organization of these connections is crucial for cognitive neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To noninvasively map cortico-cortical pathways in individual humans.
  • To identify the core structural organization and connectivity hubs of the human brain network.
  • To investigate the relationship between structural and functional brain connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion Spectrum Imaging (DSI) was employed for noninvasive mapping of white matter tracts.
  • Analysis of large-scale structural brain networks was performed on individual participants.
  • Resting-state functional connectivity was measured and compared with structural connectivity.

Main Results:

  • A structural core was identified in the posterior medial and parietal cerebral cortex.
  • This core region exhibits high centrality metrics (degree, strength, betweenness), acting as connector hubs.
  • The structural core overlaps with the posterior components of the human default network.
  • A significant correspondence was observed between structural and functional connectivity patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The posterior medial and parietal cortex forms a structural core, crucial for linking different brain modules.
  • The identified structural core plays a significant role in the functional integration of the human brain.
  • Findings highlight the strong link between brain structure and function in large-scale networks.