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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping
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Electrogram fractionation in murine HL-1 atrial monolayer model.

Karthikeyan Umapathy1, Stephane Masse, Karolina Kolodziejska

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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|July 5, 2008
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Summary

Complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) are linked to atrial fibrillation ablation. This study found CFAEs occur during wave break and migrating rotors, not stable rotor cores, aiding ablation targeting.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology
  • Computational Cardiology

Background:

  • Complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) are implicated in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.
  • The precise origin and mechanisms of CFAEs remain unclear due to interpretation limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genesis of electrogram fractionation during rotor formation and wave fragmentation.
  • Utilize atrial monolayer preparations to elucidate CFAE mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Optical mapping of 45 atrial monolayer preparations was conducted.
  • A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) Brainvision Ultima camera system was employed for high-resolution imaging.

Main Results:

  • Stable rotors were observed in 32 preparations; no complex fractionation was detected at their core.
  • Complex fractionation was present in 8 of 13 recordings with wave break/collision.
  • Simulated meandering rotors also exhibited complex fractionation in 19 of 27 instances.

Conclusions:

  • Complex fractionated electrograms are associated with migrating rotors and wave break sites.
  • Stable rotor cores do not produce fractionation.
  • Electrograms spanning rotor cycle length can identify stable rotor locations.