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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons
09:54

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Published on: July 14, 2021

Quantitative current measurements using scanning magnetoresistance microscopy.

Taiichi Takezaki1, Kazuhisa Sueoka

  • 1Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita-14, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan.

Ultramicroscopy
|July 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Scanning magnetoresistance microscope (SMRM) enables quantitative current measurements by mapping magnetic fields. This atomic force microscope-based tool accurately analyzes current distribution with a novel sensor.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a high-resolution surface imaging technique.
  • Magnetoresistive (MR) sensors offer sensitive detection of magnetic fields.
  • Quantitative current measurement is crucial for microelectronic device characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the capability of Scanning Magnetoresistance Microscope (SMRM) for quantitative current measurements.
  • To integrate a miniaturized MR sensor with an AFM for simultaneous magnetic field and topography imaging.
  • To validate the SMRM's performance in measuring magnetic fields induced by current-carrying wires.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an in-house developed AFM cantilever with a miniaturized spin-valve (SV) MR sensor (1 µm width).
  • Measured magnetic field distribution from a 5 µm wide current-carrying wire with 1.6 µm spacing.
  • Performed simultaneous imaging of magnetic field distribution and surface topography under ambient conditions.
  • Applied DC currents ranging from 500 µA to 8 mA.

Main Results:

  • Successfully achieved simultaneous imaging of magnetic field distribution and topography.
  • Demonstrated quantitative analysis of magnetic field and current due to the SV sensor's linear response.
  • Measured magnetic field strength showed good agreement with simulations based on Biot-Savart's law.
  • The system operated effectively at room temperature.

Conclusions:

  • SMRM is a viable technique for quantitative current measurements at the microscale.
  • The integrated MR sensor provides accurate and localized magnetic field detection.
  • This method offers a powerful tool for analyzing current distribution in microelectronic structures.