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RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

Protease-catalysed protein splicing: a new post-translational modification?

Ivana Saska¹, David J Craik

¹Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

|July 5, 2008

Summary

Proteases can catalyze protein splicing, a reverse reaction previously thought rare in eukaryotes. This post-translational modification, influenced by substrate proximity, expands cellular protein diversity beyond genomic predictions.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

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Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

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A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Proteomics

Background:

Proteases typically catalyze peptide-bond hydrolysis, essential for cellular processes.
The reverse reaction, peptide-bond ligation (protein splicing), is rarely observed and considered anomalous in eukaryotes.
Recent findings suggest protease-catalyzed protein splicing is a genuine post-translational modification in plants and animals.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanism and prevalence of protease-catalyzed protein splicing.
To challenge the traditional view of proteases solely as degradative enzymes.
To explore how this mechanism contributes to proteome diversity.

Main Methods:

Analysis of recent studies in plants and animals.
Investigating the role of protein substrate proximity and environmental constraints.
Comparative analysis of genomic predictions versus observed proteomic diversity.

Main Results:

Protease-catalyzed protein splicing is a bona fide post-translational modification in eukaryotes.
Substrate proximity, dictated by structure or local environment, triggers splicing.
This mechanism significantly increases intracellular protein diversity.

Conclusions:

Protease-catalyzed protein splicing is an under-recognized mechanism for expanding proteome diversity.
This process challenges current understanding of protein function and regulation.
It suggests that the actual proteome size and sequence diversity may exceed genomic predictions.