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Related Concept Videos

Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Flow Adhesion Assay to Study Leucocyte Recruitment to Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium Under Conditions of Shear Stress
11:38

A Flow Adhesion Assay to Study Leucocyte Recruitment to Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium Under Conditions of Shear Stress

Published on: March 21, 2014

Leucocyte adhesion defect-1.

K Jothilakshmi1, Sugantha Priya, John Matthai

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. psg_peds@yahoo.com

Indian Pediatrics
|July 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Leucocyte adhesion defect (LAD) is a rare inherited disorder affecting neutrophil function. Diagnosis in infants is crucial for managing severe infections and delayed healing, confirmed via flow cytometry.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Leucocyte adhesion defect (LAD) is an inherited disorder impacting phagocytic function.
  • It prevents leukocytes, specifically neutrophils, from migrating to inflammatory sites.

Observation:

  • LAD-1 is defined by the absence of b2 integrins (CD11/CD18) on leukocytes.
  • Affected infants exhibit delayed umbilical cord separation, recurrent infections, periodontitis, and poor wound healing.

Findings:

  • This report details the diagnosis of LAD in an infant.
  • Flow cytometry confirmed the absence of b2 integrins, establishing the diagnosis.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis of LAD is critical for timely intervention.

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  • Management strategies can mitigate severe infections and improve patient outcomes.