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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects its...

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Published on: October 14, 2011

Characterization of the mutant lytic state in lambda expression systems.

N Padukone¹, S W Peretti, D F Ollis

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering

|February 20, 1992

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophage lambda

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Microbiology

Background:

Bacteriophage lambda's lysogeny and lysis phases offer potential for recombinant expression systems.
Mutations in lambda vectors enhance product gene stability and beta-galactosidase production.
Previous systems experienced partial lysis despite genetic modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate phage-host cell interactions in productive expression systems.
Determine the cause of partial lysis in engineered lambda systems.
Analyze cell growth and morphology changes during induced lytic cycles.

Main Methods:

Detailed study of the suppressor-free JM105(NM1070) bacteriophage lambda system.
Monitoring of cell growth, volume, and morphology post-induction.
Analysis of lambda DNA copy number and endolysin accumulation.

Main Results:

High beta-galactosidase production (15% of total cell protein) linked to high-copy number lambda DNA.
Partial lysis observed due to low-level natural suppression of the amber mutation in gene S, causing endolysin accumulation.
Cells showed a slight increase in number and a 25-fold increase in volume during recombinant protein production.

Conclusions:

High-copy number lambda DNA drives high recombinant protein yield.
Endolysin accumulation from partial suppression of amber mutations causes lysis.
Engineered bacteriophage lambda systems exhibit significant cell volume increase during production.