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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...

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Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors
09:15

Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors

Published on: November 22, 2016

Iridium oxide pH microelectrode.

P Vanhoudt1, Z Lewandowski, B Little

  • 1National Science Foundation Research Center for interfacial Microbial Process Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|August 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new iridium/iridium oxide pH microsensor for extracellular measurements, particularly in biofilms. This novel sensor offers improved performance over traditional glass electrodes for pH research.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Bioanalytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Extracellular pH measurements are crucial for understanding biological processes, especially in complex environments like biofilms.
  • Existing microelectrode technologies, such as glass pH electrodes, have limitations in rigidity, tip size, and Nernstian slope for certain applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the manufacture, calibration, and signal conditioning of a novel iridium/iridium oxide pH microsensor.
  • To evaluate the performance of this microsensor for extracellular pH measurements, with a focus on biofilm research.
  • To compare the advantages of the iridium/iridium oxide pH microelectrode against traditional glass microelectrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of iridium/iridium oxide pH microsensors with sensing tip diameters of 3-15 µm.
  • Formation of iridium oxide layer via potential cycling in dilute sulfuric acid.
  • Calibration and signal conditioning of the microsensors.
  • Application testing, including measurement of a pH profile across a denitrifying biofilm.

Main Results:

  • The iridium/iridium oxide microsensors exhibited a high Nernstian slope (70-80 mV/pH for fresh electrodes).
  • The microsensors demonstrated increased rigidity and a restricted sensing tip.
  • Successful measurement of a pH profile across a denitrifying biofilm was achieved, showcasing practical application.

Conclusions:

  • The iridium/iridium oxide pH microsensor is a viable and superior alternative to glass microelectrodes for extracellular pH measurements.
  • Its enhanced features, including a higher Nernstian slope and improved rigidity, make it particularly suitable for biofilm research.
  • The microsensor enables precise pH profiling in challenging biological microenvironments.