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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports the...
Nervous System01:21

Nervous System

The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
Extending...
The Sympathetic Nervous System01:25

The Sympathetic Nervous System

Overview
Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells01:31

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells that interact...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...

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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
07:42

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Published on: April 26, 2012

Treating nerves: a call to arms.

Richard A C Hughes1

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. richard.a.hughes@kcl.ac.uk

Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System : JPNS
|July 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Evidence for peripheral nerve disease treatments is often lacking. More research is crucial to confirm the efficacy and optimal use of treatments like corticosteroids and IVIg for conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Trials
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Cochrane reviews highlight insufficient evidence for some peripheral nerve disease treatments.
  • Clinical trial data is often slow to emerge, impacting treatment validation.
  • Peripheral nerve diseases encompass a range of debilitating conditions requiring effective therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the need for more research in peripheral nerve disease treatment efficacy.
  • To identify specific knowledge gaps in the management of four distinct neurological conditions.
  • To emphasize the importance of ongoing clinical trials for evidence-based practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and systematic reviews on peripheral nerve disease treatments.

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  • Case examples of carpal tunnel syndrome, Bell's palsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.
  • Identification of areas requiring further investigation through clinical trials.

    • Main Results:

    • Corticosteroids and surgery are effective for carpal tunnel syndrome; further study needed on non-operative corticosteroid use.
    • Corticosteroids benefit Bell's palsy, but antiviral roles require clarification via ongoing trials.
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasma exchange are effective for Guillain-Barré syndrome; corticosteroids are not; optimal IVIg dosing and treatment for mild cases need study.
    • Corticosteroids, IVIg, and plasma exchange show short-term efficacy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; other immunosuppressants require trial investigation.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant gaps in evidence necessitate further clinical trials for peripheral nerve disease treatments.
    • The Peripheral Nerve Society's Inflammatory Neuropathy Consortium aims to facilitate crucial research.
    • Establishing optimal treatment protocols and identifying novel therapies remain key objectives.