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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential
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Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

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Central control of bone remodelling.

S Takeda1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. shu-tky@umin.ac.jp

Journal of Neuroendocrinology
|July 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain directly influences bone remodeling, a groundbreaking discovery changing bone biology. This review explores the neuroskeletal system

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Bone remodeling is a continuous process regulated by complex cellular mechanisms.
  • The central nervous system's role in bone metabolism was previously underestimated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of how the brain controls bone remodeling.
  • To explore the genetic, molecular, and physiological underpinnings of neuroskeletal regulation.
  • To outline future research directions in neuroskeletal biology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on neuroskeletal interactions.
  • Synthesis of genetic and molecular data linking neural pathways to bone cells.
  • Analysis of physiological mechanisms governing central control of bone remodeling.

Main Results:

  • The brain exerts significant control over bone remodeling through neural and hormonal pathways.
  • Specific genetic and molecular mechanisms mediate the brain's influence on osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
  • The field of neuroskeletal biology is rapidly expanding, revealing novel insights.

Conclusions:

  • The brain's control over bone remodeling represents a paradigm shift in bone biology.
  • Understanding neuroskeletal interactions is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.
  • Future research will further elucidate the intricate communication between the nervous and skeletal systems.