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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
18:08

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation

Published on: December 31, 2007

CD1d-restricted glycolipid antigens: presentation principles, recognition logic and functional consequences.

William C Florence1, Rakesh K Bhat, Sebastian Joyce

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
|July 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, regulated by CD1d-presented glycolipids, rapidly release cytokines to control immune responses. Understanding their antigen recognition is key for developing vaccines and immunotherapies.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
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Published on: December 31, 2007

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate lymphocytes.
  • Their functions are regulated by glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d.
  • iNKT cells play a crucial role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of CD1d-restricted antigen presentation.
  • To summarize antigen recognition by the invariant T-cell receptor on iNKT cells.
  • To discuss the functional consequences of these interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on iNKT cells and CD1d antigen presentation.
  • Analysis of research on iNKT cell activation and effector functions.
  • Synthesis of findings on the immunoregulatory roles of iNKT cells.

Main Results:

  • iNKT cell activation leads to rapid release of effector cytokines and chemokines.
  • These responses help regulate immunity against pathogens, cancers, and self-antigens.
  • The nature of CD1d-restricted antigens and their recognition by iNKT cells are critical.

Conclusions:

  • iNKT cells possess unique innate immunoregulatory functions.
  • Their rapid response and tunable cytokine profiles make them targets for vaccine design.
  • Targeting iNKT cells offers potential for immunotherapies against autoimmune diseases.