[Occupational exposure and systemic sclerosis. Literature review and result of a self-reported questionnaire]

Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is a rare auto immune disease. Its physiopathology, based on various mechanisms, involves a predisposing genetic background and some exogenous factors. Among them, the role of toxic products is highly suggested according to several case-control studies. The aim of this study is to review the literature concerning occupational exposure associated with scleroderma. This review is completed by the results of a self-reported questionnaire on occupational exposures sent to 82 scleroderma patients followed in Marseille. Scleroderma associated with silica exposure should be declared as occupational disease. Moreover, the role of other toxic agents such as solvents is highly suspected and scleroderma occurring in case of high exposure should also be declared. Our study performed in Marseilles showed a occupational exposure in 10% of cases (five patients having an occupational exposure that could be involved in the genesis of the disease). One had an occupational silica exposure and was declared as occupational silica disease. Other cases had various toxic exposures including solvents and two were declared as disease of occupational nature. Occupational exposure (labour and leisure) must be searched for when faced with a scleroderma patient for two reasons: the possible declaration of an occupational disease and a better knowledge on toxics involved in scleroderma.