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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
Published on: September 7, 2013
Environmental risk factors for relapse of melanoma
Samantha Beswick1, Paul Affleck, Faye Elliott
1Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
Aim:
To identify lifestyle factors affecting risk of relapse.
Methods:
A comparison of 131 relapsed melanoma patients with 147 non-relapsers.
Results:
Relapsers were more likely to report financial hardship using a number of different measures including access to holidays and feeling financially insecure (odds ratio (OR) 5.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.5, 21.4)). Relapsers worked longer hours (mean 37h per week compared with 31, p=0.02). There was no reported difference in stress associated with recent life events. There was no effect of housing quality, employment factors or body mass index (BMI) on risk of relapse. There was a protective effect of antibiotics in the peri-operative period.
Conclusion:
The study provides preliminary evidence for adverse effects of chronic financial hardship, but not recent stressful events on cancer relapse. As these data were collected in a retrospective case-control study subject to recall bias, the data must now be explored in a prospective study.
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