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Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic CompoundsIonic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions with...
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic CompoundsIonic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions with...
Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution to...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...

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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

Do ionic charges in ESI MS provide useful information on macromolecular structure?

Igor A Kaltashov1, Rinat R Abzalimov

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. kaltashov@chem.umass.edu

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|July 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Multiple charging in electrospray ionization (ESI) of proteins is mainly determined by molecular size. Analyzing charge state distributions in ESI mass spectrometry (MS) provides insights but has limitations.

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Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
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Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

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Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 12, 2013

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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
06:21

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 12, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Multiple charging is inherent to electrospray ionization (ESI) of large molecules like proteins.
  • Factors influencing protein ion charge states in ESI mass spectra are complex.
  • Protein physical dimensions in solution are key determinants of multiple charging extent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review information obtainable from analyzing ionic charge state distributions in ESI mass spectrometry (MS).
  • To discuss potential pitfalls and limitations of charge state distribution analysis in ESI MS.
  • To explore future applications in structural biology, biotechnology, and nanomedicine.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ionic charge state distributions in ESI mass spectra.
  • Review of existing literature on ESI-MS of macromolecules.
  • Discussion of factors influencing multiple charging in ESI.

Main Results:

  • Protein size is the primary factor governing the extent of multiple charging in ESI.
  • Charge state distributions offer valuable data but require careful interpretation.
  • Understanding limitations is crucial for accurate ESI-MS analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic charge state distributions in ESI-MS provide significant biophysical information.
  • Awareness of analytical pitfalls enhances the reliability of ESI-MS data.
  • Future research directions include structural biology, protein-polymer conjugates, and nanomedicine applications.