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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types01:19

Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types

Neurons, the fundamental units of the nervous system, can be classified based on both their structural and functional characteristics.
Structurally, neurons are categorized into three main types: multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar (or pseudounipolar). Multipolar neurons, which are the most common type in the brain and spinal cord, as well as all motor neurons, possess multiple dendrites and a single axon.
Bipolar neurons, on the other hand, have one primary dendrite and one axon. They are...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Neuron Structure01:31

Neuron Structure

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo
08:29

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo

Published on: October 30, 2014

Origin and function of olfactory bulb interneuron diversity.

Pierre-Marie Lledo1, Florian T Merkle, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla

  • 1Laboratory of Perception and Memory, Pasteur Institute, CNRS URA 2182, Paris Cedex, France. pmlledo@pasteur.fr

Trends in Neurosciences
|July 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult rodent subventricular zone (SVZ) astrocytes are diverse progenitors that generate specific olfactory bulb interneurons. This mosaic organization reveals origins of interneuron diversity and their role in olfactory circuit plasticity.

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Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
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Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

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The Subventricular Zone En-face: Wholemount Staining and Ependymal Flow
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The Subventricular Zone En-face: Wholemount Staining and Ependymal Flow

Published on: May 6, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo
08:29

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo

Published on: October 30, 2014

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
06:32

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

Published on: June 5, 2017

The Subventricular Zone En-face: Wholemount Staining and Ependymal Flow
14:33

The Subventricular Zone En-face: Wholemount Staining and Ependymal Flow

Published on: May 6, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Adult rodent subventricular zone (SVZ) astrocytes (B cells) are primary progenitors for olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons.
  • Previously, SVZ stem cells were thought to generate diverse neuron and glial types.
  • Recent evidence suggests adult SVZ progenitors are heterogeneous and fate-restricted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heterogeneity and location-specific differentiation of SVZ progenitors.
  • To understand the origin of interneuron diversity in the OB.
  • To explore the functional contribution of OB interneuron subtypes to olfactory circuit plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of progenitor cell populations within the adult rodent SVZ.
  • Tracing the migratory pathways and differentiation of newly generated neurons.
  • Characterization of OB interneuron subtypes and their physiological properties.

Main Results:

  • SVZ progenitors are not uniform; they are heterogeneous and location-dependent.
  • OB interneurons originate from SVZ stem cells in multiple locations, including the striatal and cortical walls of the lateral ventricle, and the rostral migratory stream.
  • Different regions of the SVZ generate distinct types of OB interneurons.

Conclusions:

  • The mosaic organization of the SVZ underlies the generation of diverse OB interneuron subtypes.
  • Understanding SVZ progenitor heterogeneity is crucial for deciphering OB interneuron diversity.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the functional roles of specific OB interneuron subtypes in olfactory circuits.