Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Actor-Observer Effect

Actor-Observer Effect

The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in visual...

Factors Influencing Attraction IV: Reciprocity

Factors Influencing Attraction IV: Reciprocity

Reciprocity in attraction is fundamental to social and romantic relationships, shaping how individuals form and maintain connections. The psychological principle underlying this phenomenon is that people tend to like those who express liking toward them. Balance theory supports this tendency, suggesting that mutual attraction fosters psychological harmony, whereas one-sided affection leads to discomfort and cognitive dissonance.The Psychological Mechanisms Behind ReciprocityWhen individuals...

Relationship Formation

Relationship Formation

What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...

Modeling and Similitude

Modeling and Similitude

Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...

Factors Influencing Attraction III: Similarity

Factors Influencing Attraction III: Similarity

The similarity hypothesis suggests that individuals are more likely to form relationships with others who share similar attitudes, beliefs, values, and interests. This concept has been widely studied in social psychology, demonstrating that perceived similarity fosters interpersonal attraction. In an experiment supporting this hypothesis, participants were presented with fabricated information indicating that strangers held attitudes similar to their own. The results showed that participants...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Adolescents' Growing Sensitivity to Psychosocial Stressors: Evidence From Two Decades of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Data in the Nordic Countries.

The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine·2026

Same author

Perceived changes in adolescent children anticipate increasing maternal stress and declining mother-child relationship quality.

Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)·2026

Same author

Views of preschool-age children's screen time among mothers with low incomes.

Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)·2026

Same author

Problematic social media use and psychosocial conditions.

Frontiers in psychology·2026

Same author

Perceived maternal disapproval of peer affiliates forecasts child friendship dissolution.

Child development·2026

Same author

The Differential Association Between Background Versus Foreground Media Exposure and Child Sleep Outcomes.

Academic pediatrics·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Naturalistic Setup for Presenting Real People and Live Actions in Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies

A Naturalistic Setup for Presenting Real People and Live Actions in Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies

Published on: August 4, 2023

Modeling homophily over time with an actor-partner interdependence model.

Danielle Popp¹, Brett Laursen, Margaret Kerr

¹Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL 33314, USA. dpopp1@fau.edu

Developmental Psychology

|July 9, 2008

Summary

Friendship homophily in adolescent drinking is shaped by both selection and socialization. Younger friends adapt their intoxication frequency to match older friends over time.

More Related Videos

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Published on: December 23, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Naturalistic Setup for Presenting Real People and Live Actions in Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies

A Naturalistic Setup for Presenting Real People and Live Actions in Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies

Published on: August 4, 2023

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Published on: December 23, 2025

Area of Science:

Psychology
Sociology
Adolescent Development

Background:

Friendship homophily, the tendency for friends to be similar, is influenced by selection (choosing similar friends) and socialization (becoming similar over time).
Measuring the distinct effects of selection and socialization is challenging due to the non-independent nature of friendship data.

Purpose of the Study:

To disentangle the relative contributions of selection and socialization to friendship homophily in adolescent intoxication frequency.
To examine how these processes unfold over time in a longitudinal study of Swedish youth.

Main Methods:

Applied a multiple-groups longitudinal actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) to distinguish actor (own behavior) and partner (friend's behavior) effects.
Analyzed 3 years of intoxication frequency data from a large community-based sample of 902 Swedish adolescents (ages 12–18).

Main Results:

Demonstrated significant effects for both selection and socialization in shaping friends' intoxication frequency.
Found that younger adolescents' drinking patterns became more similar to older adolescents' over time, indicating a stronger socialization effect for younger partners.

Conclusions:

Both selection and socialization play crucial roles in adolescent friendship homophily regarding drinking behavior.
Younger adolescents are more susceptible to the influence of older friends, leading to convergence in intoxication frequency over time.