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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Polymers02:34

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
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Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Nonequilibrium generation of information in copolymerization processes.

David Andrieux1, Pierre Gaspard

  • 1Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Code Postal 231, Campus Plaine, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. dandrieu@ulb.ac.be

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Dissipation in fluctuating copolymerization is linked to generated information, revealing how pattern and dynamics interplay in non-equilibrium systems. This framework aids understanding DNA replication.

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Area of Science:

  • * Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics
  • * Biophysics and molecular biology

Background:

  • * Copolymerization processes are fundamental in polymer science and molecular assembly.
  • * Non-equilibrium dynamics are crucial for understanding biological processes like DNA replication.
  • * The relationship between energy dissipation and information generation in such systems remains an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To establish a theoretical framework connecting dissipation and information generation in fluctuating copolymerization.
  • * To explore the role of templates in these non-equilibrium processes.
  • * To apply the derived principles to the specific case of DNA replication.

Main Methods:

  • * Theoretical analysis of general fluctuating copolymerization models.
  • * Consideration of systems with and without underlying templates.
  • * Derivation of relationships between thermodynamic dissipation and information-theoretic quantities.

Main Results:

  • * A direct correlation is found between dissipation and generated information in fluctuating copolymerization.
  • * Information acquisition is shown to arise from the interaction of stored patterns and dynamic evolution.
  • * The framework successfully models aspects of DNA replication as a non-equilibrium information-processing event.

Conclusions:

  • * Dissipation and information generation are intrinsically linked in non-equilibrium copolymerization.
  • * Understanding this link provides insights into how biological systems acquire and process information.
  • * The study offers a novel perspective on DNA replication through the lens of statistical physics and information theory.