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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
08:35

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Published on: May 26, 2022

Renovascular hypertension: an update.

William J Elliott1

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. welliott@rush.edu

Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)
|July 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Estimating renovascular hypertension risk with clinical data can avoid unnecessary tests. High-risk patients need angiography only if open to revascularization, while intermediate-risk patients benefit from screening tests.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Management

Background:

  • Renovascular hypertension is a treatable cause of high blood pressure.
  • Accurate risk stratification is crucial for appropriate patient management.
  • Current diagnostic and treatment strategies remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline principles for managing renovascular hypertension.
  • To differentiate management pathways based on patient risk.
  • To inform decisions regarding diagnostic testing and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical information assessment for absolute risk estimation.
  • Screening tests including captopril renography, Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance angiography, and computed tomography for intermediate risk.

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A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

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Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
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Published on: May 26, 2022

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
08:21

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Published on: October 26, 2020

  • Angiography for high-risk patients willing to undergo revascularization.
  • Consideration of angioplasty for fibromuscular dysplasia.
  • Main Results:

    • Clinical data alone can estimate renovascular hypertension risk, potentially avoiding invasive procedures.
    • Screening tests are recommended for intermediate-risk individuals.
    • Angioplasty is indicated for fibromuscular dysplasia.
    • Ongoing trials like CORAL will clarify the benefits of revascularization for atherosclerotic renovascular hypertension.

    Conclusions:

    • A risk-based approach optimizes diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in renovascular hypertension.
    • Early identification and appropriate intervention can improve outcomes.
    • Further research is needed to define the role of revascularization in atherosclerotic renovascular hypertension.