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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...

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A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
12:03

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

Maturation of bone conduction multiple auditory steady-state responses.

Susan Anne Small1, David Richard Stapells

  • 1School of Audiology and Speech Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada. ssmall@audiospeech.ubc.ca

International Journal of Audiology
|July 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Infant bone-conduction (BC) hearing sensitivity matures over time. Young infants show greater BC auditory steady-state response (ASSR) amplitudes at low frequencies compared to adults, indicating enhanced sensitivity that persists for years.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Hearing Science

Background:

  • Understanding the maturation of auditory pathways is crucial for early detection of hearing impairments.
  • Bone-conduction (BC) hearing sensitivity development in infants is not fully characterized.
  • Auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) provide objective measures of hearing thresholds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare BC ASSRs in infants and adults with normal hearing.
  • To investigate the maturation timeline of BC hearing sensitivity.
  • To establish age-specific normative data for BC ASSRs in infants.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded BC multiple ASSRs in three age groups: 0-11 months (n=35), 12-24 months (n=13), and adults (n=18).
  • Analyzed ASSR thresholds and amplitudes across different frequencies.
  • Compared BC ASSR results between infant age groups and adults.

Main Results:

  • Low-frequency BC ASSR thresholds increased with age, suggesting developmental changes.
  • High-frequency ASSR thresholds were largely unaffected by age, except for a minor improvement at 2000 Hz.
  • Young infants exhibited larger low-frequency BC ASSR amplitudes and potentially higher sensitivity to high frequencies compared to adults, with differences persisting up to two years.

Conclusions:

  • Infant BC hearing sensitivity differs significantly from adult levels, particularly at low frequencies.
  • These differences in BC hearing sensitivity mature gradually and persist beyond infancy.
  • Age-specific normative data are necessary for accurate interpretation of BC ASSRs in infants.