Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Dementia

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Adjunctive Cannabidiol in Inpatient Buprenorphine Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Trial.

Journal of addiction medicine·2025

Same author

Dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability and working memory in stimulant use disorder.

The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse·2025

Same author

Outcomes of surgically managed brainstem cavernous Malformations: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·2025

Same author

Neuropsychological review of records in forensic cases: An AACN best practices paper with international perspectives.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2025

Same author

Critical Review of Recently Published Studies Claiming Long-Term Neurocognitive Abnormalities in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·2024

Same author

Convergent Validity of Experimental Cognitive Tests in a Large Community Sample.

Assessment·2024

Same journal

Cardiometabolic burden and cognitive profiles in adults 55.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2026

Same journal

Unraveling delusional misidentification: A neuropsychological and experimental exploration of a new case of reduplication syndrome.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2026

Same journal

Characteristics and clinical correlates of objective medication adherence in older adults with cognitive impairment.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2026

Same journal

Concordance between domain-based neuropsychological profiles and clinical phenotypes in young-onset dementia.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2026

Same journal

Exploring the relationship between self-report and performance-based measures of impulsivity.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2026

Same journal

Correction.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

Dementia and effort test performance.

Andy C Dean¹, Tara L Victor, Kyle B Boone

¹Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Neuropsychology Department, Torrance, CA 90509, USA. andydean1@msn.com

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

|July 9, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that Digit Span measures accurately identified non-feigning dementia patients. Most other effort tests showed lower accuracy in detecting poor effort in dementia.

More Related Videos

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuropsychology
Cognitive Assessment

Background:

Assessing cognitive effort in dementia patients is crucial but under-researched.
Validating effort tests is essential for accurate dementia diagnosis and litigation contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the performance of various effort tests in a cohort of non-litigating dementia patients.
To identify reliable indicators of poor effort within dementia assessment batteries.

Main Methods:

Archival data from 214 non-litigating dementia patients were analyzed.
Eighteen effort indices from 12 standardized neuropsychological tests were examined.
Specificity of effort tests was assessed, considering Mini Mental Status Examination scores and dementia diagnoses.

Main Results:

Digit Span indicators (Vocabulary Minus Digit Span, 4-digit forward span time) achieved over 90% specificity.
Other effort tests demonstrated lower specificities, ranging from 30-70%.

Conclusions:

Digit Span measures show high specificity for detecting poor effort in dementia patients.
Adjustments to cut-offs may be necessary to maintain specificity across different dementia severities and diagnoses.