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Nephrons

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Isogenic Kidney Glomerulus Chip Engineered from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Isogenic Kidney Glomerulus Chip Engineered from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 4, 2022

Concept and computational design for a bioartificial nephron-on-a-chip.

E Weinberg¹, M Kaazempur-Mofrad, J Borenstein

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

The International Journal of Artificial Organs

|July 9, 2008

Summary

Researchers developed a Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) bioartificial device that mimics a human nephron's function. This novel device replicates key kidney structures for potential therapeutic applications.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Isogenic Kidney Glomerulus Chip Engineered from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Published on: November 4, 2022

Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology

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Published on: March 27, 2018

Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips

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Published on: October 20, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Renal Physiology
Microfabrication

Background:

The human nephron performs essential filtration and reabsorption functions.
Replicating nephron function in a bioartificial device presents significant microfabrication and mass transport challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and computationally model a Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS)-based bioartificial device that replicates the function of a single human nephron.
To design a device capable of controlling diffusion-scale features for accurate physiological replication.

Main Methods:

Development of a MEMS-based bioartificial device with three distinct sections mimicking the glomerulus, proximal tubule, and loop of Henle.
Utilizing existing microfabrication technologies for device construction.
Creation of a computational model to analyze coupled, multiphase mass transport within the system.
Populating the device with various renal cell types.

Main Results:

A functional bioartificial loop of Henle was designed with precise control over diffusion-scale features.
The computational model successfully analyzed complex mass transport phenomena.
A final device design was generated exhibiting flow and solute transport properties comparable to a human nephron.

Conclusions:

The proposed MEMS bioartificial device successfully replicates key nephron functions.
The integration of microfabrication and computational modeling provides a viable approach for creating advanced bioartificial organs.
This technology holds promise for future kidney research and therapeutic strategies.