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Membrane fluidity change in erythrocytes induced by complement system.

M Nakamura, S Ohnishi, H Kitamura

    Biochemistry
    |November 2, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The terminal complement complex (TCC) significantly fluidizes erythrocyte membranes, particularly C9, facilitating ion diffusion and osmotic lysis. This membrane fluidization is key to the complement system's hemolytic function.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Biochemistry
    • Membrane Biophysics

    Background:

    • Antibody and complement interactions trigger structural changes in erythrocyte membranes.
    • The complement system, a crucial part of innate immunity, can lead to cell lysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the structural alterations in erythrocyte membranes induced by antibody and complement.
    • To elucidate the specific roles of complement components, particularly C8 and C9, in membrane modification.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized phospholipid spin-labels and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to probe membrane fluidity.
    • Prepared various intermediate erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes (EA, EAC1-7, EAC1-8, EAC1-9).
    • Employed Mg2+ ghosts to isolate the effects of C8 and C9 on membrane structure.

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    Main Results:

    • Erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes (EAC1-9) showed markedly different ESR spectra compared to erythrocytes, indicating significant membrane fluidization.
    • The terminal complement complex (TCC), especially C9, induced substantial fluidization of erythrocyte membranes, evidenced by reduced splitting values in ESR.
    • C8 exhibited a latent effect, causing irreversible membrane fluidization upon osmotic shock in the presence of C9.

    Conclusions:

    • The terminal complement components, C8 and C9, create a fluid domain within the erythrocyte membrane.
    • This fluidization facilitates the diffusion of ions and small molecules, leading to osmotic imbalance and subsequent hemolysis.
    • The study highlights the biophysical mechanism by which the complement system lyses target cells.