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Related Concept Videos

Resistance01:19

Resistance

When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
Resistance and Conductance01:25

Resistance and Conductance

A conductor's DC resistance at a given temperature is influenced by its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is an inherent property of the conductor material, with annealed copper serving as the international standard for measurement. For instance, the resistivity of hard-drawn aluminum at 20 degrees Celsius is 61% of the standard conductivity of annealed copper.
Various factors impact the resistance of a conductor. Spiraling in stranded conductors increases their length...
Resistors In Parallel01:23

Resistors In Parallel

Resistors are in parallel when one end of all the resistors are connected to a continuous wire of negligible resistance and the other end of all the resistors are also connected to one another through a continuous wire of negligible resistance. In the case of a parallel configuration, the potential drop across each resistor is the same. Current through each resistor can be found using Ohm’s law, I = V/R, where the voltage is constant across each resistor. The sum of the individual currents...
Combination Of Resistors01:18

Combination Of Resistors

Electrical devices in any circuit can be connected either by series or parallel connections. Additionally, circuits can be connected involving both of these connections, known as combination or complex circuits. As these circuits have complex resistor connections, it is necessary to identify different parts as either series or parallel connections, then the whole combination of series and parallel resistors can be reduced to a single equivalent resistance. With the known equivalent resistance...
Equivalent Resistance01:16

Equivalent Resistance

In circuit analysis, situations often arise where resistors are neither in series nor parallel configurations. To tackle such scenarios, three-terminal equivalent networks like the wye (Y) (Figure 1 (a)) or tee (T) and delta (Δ) (Figure 1 (b)) or pi (π) networks come into play. These networks offer versatile solutions and are frequently encountered in various applications, including three-phase electrical systems, electrical filters, and matching networks.
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays
07:42

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays

Published on: September 19, 2018

Resistance patterns in Turkey.

D Gür1, S Unal, H E Akalin

  • 1Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Ankara 06100, Turkey.

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant issue in Turkey, affecting both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Urgent control measures are needed to limit antibiotic use and combat rising resistance rates.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays
07:42

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays

Published on: September 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a growing global health threat.
  • Turkey faces significant challenges with drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review antimicrobial resistance patterns in clinically significant bacteria in Turkey.
  • To highlight key resistance mechanisms and their prevalence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance in Turkey.
  • Analysis of resistance trends in Gram-positive (staphylococci, enterococci, S. pneumoniae) and Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella, Salmonella, Pseudomonas).

Main Results:

  • High rates of methicillin resistance in staphylococci (13-37%).
  • Penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae (47% in one study).
  • Significant aminoglycoside resistance in Gram-negative bacilli, often plasmid-mediated; detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and specific enzymes like OXA-10 and PER-1.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent need for country-wide implementation of antibiotic control measures.
  • Restriction of antibiotic use is crucial to mitigate resistance spread.
  • Continued surveillance and intervention strategies are essential.