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Static and Kinetic Frictional Force01:05

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Measurement of Spatial Stability in Precision Grip
09:36

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Published on: June 4, 2020

Grip force control during gait initiation with a hand-held object.

Gudrun Diermayr1, Priska Gysin, Chris J Hass

  • 1Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Experimental Brain Research
|July 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Grip and inertial forces are coupled during gait initiation with a hand-held object. This anticipatory control ensures object stability, suggesting a common internal representation for grasping and body movement.

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Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings

Published on: July 26, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Grip force anticipates inertial forces during walking with objects.
  • The organization and coupling of grip and inertial forces during gait initiation remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the onset relationship between ground reaction, grip, and inertial forces during gait initiation.
  • Examine the development of grip and inertial force coupling in early gait initiation with a hand-held object.

Main Methods:

  • Ten subjects initiated walking with a hand-held object.
  • Gait initiation was performed following predictable and unpredictable start signals.
  • Analysis focused on the timing of force onsets and force coupling.

Main Results:

  • Ground reaction and grip force onsets were tightly synchronized, irrespective of signal predictability.
  • Grip force increased before inertial force changes in early gait initiation.
  • Grip-inertial force coupling strengthened after foot-off, reaching steady-state levels.

Conclusions:

  • Early grip force increases and coupling indicate anticipatory motor control.
  • This process ensures object stability by establishing an appropriate grip-inertial force ratio.
  • Grasping and whole-body movements appear to be governed by a shared internal representation.