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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
Mono- and dinuclear palladium(II) N,S-heterocyclic carbene complexes with N spacers and their Suzuki coupling
Swee Kuan Yen1, Lip Lin Koh, Han Vinh Huynh
1Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
Abstract:
Mixed-ligand N,S-heterocyclic carbene (NSHC) complexes, trans-[PdBr(2)(NSHC)(Py)] (NSHC=3-benzyl- or 3-propyl-benzothiazolin-2-ylidene), have been obtained from bridge-cleavage reactions of the dinuclear complex, [Pd(mu-Br)Br(NSHC)](2), in pyridine at room temperature. Use of neutral N-bidentate donors (L=pyrazine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 4,4'-bipyridine and trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene) yields the dinuclear spacer-bridged [Pd(2)Br(4)(NSHC)(2)(mu-L)] complexes. The X-ray single-crystal structures of the pyridyl, bridging pyrazine and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane complexes are reported. These air-stable complexes are active in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of selected aryl bromides. The dinuclear complexes are generally more active than their mononuclear pyridyl analogues. The benzyl derivatives consistently outperform the n-propyl counterparts.
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