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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs01:19

Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs

Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:
Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is important. 
Assessment of apical pulse01:17

Assessment of apical pulse

Assessing the Apical Pulse
Assessing the apical pulse is a critical nursing procedure, particularly indicated for:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Failure with a Continuous Infusion of Oleic Acid
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[Fetal pulse oximetry: clinical practice].

D Vardon1, Y Hors, E Grossetti

  • 1Unité de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, CHU de Caen, avenue Clémenceau, 14033 Caen cedex, France. vardon-d@chu-caen.fr

Journal De Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et Biologie De La Reproduction
|July 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Fetal pulse oximetry, when used with a 40% threshold, reliably manages labor and reduces fetal scalp blood sampling without increasing adverse neonatal outcomes. This approach supports less invasive labor management.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Fetal Monitoring
  • Neonatal Outcomes

Background:

  • Fetal pulse oximetry is a tool for intrapartum fetal assessment.
  • Its application in current practice and reliability for predicting poor neonatal outcomes require evaluation.
  • Reducing invasive fetal scalp blood sampling is a clinical goal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the clinical application of a fetal pulse oximetry protocol.
  • To evaluate the potential reduction in fetal scalp blood sampling.
  • To determine the reliability of fetal pulse oximetry in predicting poor neonatal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study of 449 singleton pregnancies with non-reassuring fetal heart rate.
  • Fetal pulse oximetry was applied according to a defined protocol.
  • Poor neonatal outcome was defined by specific umbilical cord gas values, Apgar scores, NICU transfer, respiratory distress, or death.

Main Results:

  • Fetal pulse oximetry use aligned with the protocol in over 80% of cases.
  • Fetal scalp blood sampling decreased from 9.9% to 8.6% post-protocol implementation.
  • At a 40% threshold, fetal pulse oximetry showed 74% sensitivity and 88.2% negative predictive value for poor neonatal outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Strict adherence to the fetal pulse oximetry protocol enables less invasive labor management.
  • A 40% threshold for fetal pulse oximetry appears reliable for labor management without compromising neonatal outcomes.
  • The optimal threshold for immediate intervention based on fetal heart rate abnormalities requires further investigation.