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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Standardized Surgical Technique for Tessier Medial Transnasal Canthopexy
06:08

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Published on: January 23, 2026

Tuberculous orbital apex syndromes.

E H Hughes1, H Petrushkin, N A Sibtain

  • 1Medical Eye Unit, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|July 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) can cause orbital apex syndromes, affecting vision. Prompt treatment with anti-TB drugs and corticosteroids rapidly restored vision in all patients.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is a rare condition.
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is an increasing global health concern.
  • Diagnosing TB-induced OAS can be challenging.

Observation:

  • A retrospective review identified seven patients with presumed TB-OAS.
  • Patients were primarily immigrants, HIV-negative, and presented with severe vision loss.
  • Constitutional symptoms were present in all patients.

Findings:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed abnormalities in six patients.
  • All patients achieved significant visual recovery (6/9 or better) within weeks.
  • Treatment involved antituberculous therapy and systemic corticosteroids.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Standardized Surgical Technique for Tessier Medial Transnasal Canthopexy
06:08

A Standardized Surgical Technique for Tessier Medial Transnasal Canthopexy

Published on: January 23, 2026

Implications:

  • TB-OAS requires high clinical suspicion, especially in at-risk populations.
  • Early diagnosis and combined treatment lead to favorable visual outcomes.
  • This highlights the importance of considering TB in OAS differential diagnosis.