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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
Published on: June 27, 2020
Natural killer cells regulate T-cell proliferation during human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection
Cariosa M Noone1, Elaine Paget, Ellen A Lewis
1Viral Immunology laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
Abstract:
Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) is a major respiratory pathogen in humans. Failure to induce immunological memory associated with HPIV3 infection has been attributed to inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. We demonstrate that the inability of mixed lymphocytes to respond to virally infected antigen-presenting cells is due to an interleukin-2-dependent, nonapoptotic mechanism involving natural killer (NK) cells and their influence is exerted in a contact-dependent manner. These results suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for NK cells during HPIV3 infection, offering an explanation for viral persistence and poor memory responses.
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