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Related Concept Videos

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...
State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
Sensory Modalities01:15

Sensory Modalities

Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
Signal and System01:26

Signal and System

A signal x(t) is a set of data or a time function representing a variable of interest. Signals typically convey information about a phenomenon, such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, human voice, television images, a dog's bark, or birdsongs. More generally, a signal can be a function of more than one independent variable. For instance, images depend on horizontal and vertical positions and can be regarded as two-dimensional signals. However, this text will focus on one-dimensional signals...
Functions of the Nervous System01:18

Functions of the Nervous System

The nervous system is responsible for coordinating and regulating the body's functions. It functions through three main processes: sensory, integrative, and motor processes. Sensory function involves the detection and transmission of information about internal and external stimuli from sensory receptors to the CNS. The CNS processes this information through an integrative function, where it interprets and makes decisions based on the incoming sensory information. Finally, the motor function...

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State-Dependency Effects on TMS: A Look at Motive Phosphene Behavior
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Behavioral states, network states, and sensory response variability.

Alfredo Fontanini1, Donald B Katz

  • 1Department of Psychology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA. alfredo.fontanini@stonybrook.edu

Journal of Neurophysiology
|July 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Neural network states, measured by local field potential spectral properties, significantly alter single-neuron sensory responses. This network-centric view explains sensory plasticity, experience-dependent changes, and trial-to-trial response variability.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Single-neuron sensory responses are traditionally viewed in isolation.
  • Emerging evidence suggests neural network states influence neuronal function.
  • Understanding these network dynamics is crucial for deciphering sensory processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking neural network states to sensory response modulation.
  • To explore how network states underlie sensory plasticity, attention, and experience-dependent changes.
  • To propose a network-centric framework for understanding sensory processing and variability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing neurophysiological and computational studies.
  • Analysis of local field potential (LFP) spectral properties as indicators of network state.
  • Synthesis of data across different behavioral and physiological conditions (e.g., anesthesia, sleep, attention, learning).

Main Results:

  • Sensory responses of single neurons are demonstrably modulated by the spectral properties of local neural networks.
  • Network state changes account for sensory response plasticity related to attention and learning.
  • Even brief experiences can alter sensory responses through network state modifications.
  • Trial-to-trial variability in sensory responses is a predictable function of network fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • Neural network states are a fundamental determinant of sensory processing.
  • The brain's ability to handle stimulus variability may be intrinsically linked to dynamic network state coupling.
  • A network-centric perspective offers a unified framework for understanding sensory response modulation and plasticity.