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Related Concept Videos

Sympathetic Signaling01:31

Sympathetic Signaling

Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...
Parasympathetic Signaling01:30

Parasympathetic Signaling

Parasympathetic signaling plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes. It involves the release of acetylcholine (ACh) by parasympathetic neurons, which can have localized and short-lived effects. The majority of ACh released is rapidly inactivated at the synapse by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes Ach into choline and acetate. Additionally, the tissue cholinesterase deactivates any ACh diffusing into the surrounding tissues.
The effects of...
Classification of Neurotransmitters01:30

Classification of Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission01:27

Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers (except those supplying the sweat glands) releasing noradrenaline or norepinephrine are called noradrenergic or adrenergic neurons. Noradrenaline, dopamine, adrenaline, or epinephrine are collectively called "catecholamines" as they contain a catechol moiety and an amine side chain. The five stages of neurotransmitter release involve their synthesis, storage, release, reuptake and metabolism.
Synthesis: Catecholamine synthesis requires tyrosine, which is taken...
Cholinergic Neurons: Neurotransmission01:23

Cholinergic Neurons: Neurotransmission

Cholinergic neurotransmission involves the synthesis and the release of acetylcholine (ACh) in order to transmit nerve impulses across the synapse. The process begins with the synthesis of acetyl CoA, a precursor for ACh, from ATP, acetate, and coenzyme A in the mitochondria. Choline, another vital precursor, is transported inside the neuron through choline transporters, including high-affinity choline transporter CHT1, low-affinity choline transporter CTL1, and lower-affinity choline...
Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...

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Related Experiment Video

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Efficient Differentiation of Postganglionic Sympathetic Neurons using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells under Feeder-free and Chemically Defined Culture Conditions
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Kv1.3 channels in postganglionic sympathetic neurons: expression, function, and modulation.

Megan A Doczi1, Anthony D Morielli, Deborah H Damon

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
|July 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Potassium channel Kv1.3 is present in sympathetic neurons and influences their function. Inhibiting Kv1.3 affects norepinephrine release and action potential firing, impacting sympathetic cardiovascular control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ion Channel Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Regulation

Background:

  • Kv1.3 channels are recognized for their role in modulating neuronal functions.
  • Postganglionic sympathetic neurons play a critical role in regulating physiological processes, including cardiovascular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Kv1.3 channels in the function of postganglionic sympathetic neurons.
  • To determine if Kv1.3 channel activity influences sympathetic neurotransmission and cardiovascular control.

Main Methods:

  • RT-PCR, immunoblot, and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm Kv1.3 expression and localization in sympathetic neurons.
  • Electrophysiological recordings assessed the functional impact of Kv1.3 inhibition using Margatoxin (MgTX).
  • Norepinephrine release assays examined the effect of MgTX on neurotransmitter release modulated by acetylcholine receptors.

Main Results:

  • Kv1.3 channels were detected in postganglionic sympathetic neurons and localized to nerve fibers at neurovascular junctions.
  • MgTX significantly reduced outward currents, depolarized resting membrane potential, and decreased action potential firing latency.
  • MgTX modulated acetylcholine-induced norepinephrine release and MgTX-sensitive currents were suppressed by muscarinic receptor activation.

Conclusions:

  • Kv1.3 channels are functionally expressed in postganglionic sympathetic neurons and modulate their activity.
  • Modulation of Kv1.3 channels impacts sympathetic neurotransmission, suggesting a role in sympathetic control of cardiovascular function.