Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...

Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...

The Extracellular Matrix

The Extracellular Matrix

In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.Composition of the Extracellular MatrixThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse molecules.

The Bone Matrix

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Vascularized Tissue-Engineered Model for Studying Drug Resistance in Neuroblastoma.

Theranostics·2017

Same author

Biomechanical regulation of drug sensitivity in an engineered model of human tumor.

Biomaterials·2017

Same author

Mimicking biophysical stimuli within bone tumor microenvironment.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2016

Same author

Topic: Abdominal Wall Hernia - Prophylactic Mesh.

Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery·2015

Same author

Passage-dependent relationship between mesenchymal stem cell mobilization and chondrogenic potential.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage·2014

Same author

Cartilage constructs engineered from chondrocytes overexpressing IGF-I improve the repair of osteochondral defects in a rabbit model.

European cells & materials·2013

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation

3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation

Published on: October 7, 2015

Composition of cell-polymer cartilage implants.

L E Freed¹, J C Marquis, R Langer

¹Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering

|March 25, 1994

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates that optimizing in vitro culture conditions, including cell density and dynamic seeding/culture methods, can create functional cartilage implants for joint repair using biodegradable polyglucolic acid scaffolds and calf chondrocytes.

More Related Videos

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Published on: April 14, 2026

Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: July 14, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation

3D Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Chondrocyte Culture and Cartilage Generation

Published on: October 7, 2015

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Published on: April 14, 2026

Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Engineering
Tissue Engineering
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Cartilage implants are crucial for joint repair and reconstructive surgery.
In vitro methods using chondrocytes on biodegradable scaffolds offer a promising approach for implant creation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of culture parameters on the development of in vitro cartilage implants.
To optimize conditions for creating functional cartilage for in vivo use.

Main Methods:

Culturing isolated calf chondrocytes on polyglucolic acid (PGA) scaffolds.
Varying initial cell density, scaffold thickness, and cell seeding/culture methods (static vs. mixed).
Assessing biochemical composition (glycosaminoglycan, collagen) and histological features over 6 weeks.

Main Results:

Increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content correlated with higher initial cell density.
Thicker scaffolds showed reduced GAG and collagen due to diffusion limitations.
Mixed seeding and culture conditions promoted more uniform cell distribution and enhanced matrix deposition.

Conclusions:

Optimizing in vitro culture environments, particularly using dynamic methods, is key to producing functional cartilage implants.
Controlled chondrocyte growth and matrix synthesis on biodegradable scaffolds can yield suitable materials for joint repair.