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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

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A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms

Published on: March 3, 2021

Induced hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke.

Marc A Lazzaro¹, Shyam Prabhakaran

¹Rush University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Suite 1121, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. mlazzaro2@gmail.com

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs

|July 12, 2008

Summary

Induced hypothermia shows promise as a neuroprotective treatment for acute ischemic stroke in animal studies. Further large-scale human trials are needed to confirm its clinical effectiveness and optimize protocols.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms

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Published on: March 3, 2021

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

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Published on: August 18, 2015

In vitro Assessment of Myocardial Protection following Hypothermia-Preconditioning in a Human Cardiac Myocytes Model

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Published on: October 27, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurology
Emergency Medicine

Background:

Acute ischemic stroke presents a significant neurological challenge.
Induced hypothermia (IH) is a potential neuroprotective strategy.
Preclinical data in animal models suggest IH efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the neuroprotective role of IH in acute ischemic stroke.
To examine the mechanisms of action of IH.
To synthesize preclinical and clinical evidence for IH.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search of the PubMed database.
Inclusion of English-language publications only.
Review of preclinical and clinical studies on IH for stroke.

Main Results:

IH demonstrates neuroprotection in animal models of ischemic stroke.
IH possesses a multimodal mechanism of action.
Human studies indicate IH is safe and feasible.

Conclusions:

Induced hypothermia is a promising neuroprotectant for ischemic stroke.
Larger randomized controlled trials are essential to establish clinical efficacy.
Further research is needed to refine IH protocols for stroke treatment.