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Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
12:46

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

Published on: December 6, 2017

Sister chromatid cohesion: a simple concept with a complex reality.

Itay Onn1, Jill M Heidinger-Pauli, Vincent Guacci

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Carnegie Institution, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA. onn@ciwemb.edu

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|July 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Sister chromatid cohesion, mediated by the cohesin complex, is crucial for chromosome segregation and DNA repair in eukaryotes. Its regulation by auxiliary factors ensures proper chromosome organization and function.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
12:46

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

Published on: December 6, 2017

Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales
10:15

Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales

Published on: January 20, 2023

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG
10:11

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG

Published on: July 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sister chromatid cohesion ensures replicated chromosomes remain attached until segregation.
  • This process is primarily mediated by the cohesin complex, a vital SMC (structural maintenance of chromosome) protein structure.
  • Cohesin plays critical roles in chromosome segregation, DNA repair, and gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the regulatory mechanisms governing cohesin function and cohesion.
  • To understand how auxiliary factors influence cohesin binding, activation, and dissolution.
  • To investigate the structural basis of cohesin's ringlike architecture and its implications for function.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract does not specify methods.
  • Focuses on the known functions and structural aspects of cohesin.
  • Relies on existing knowledge of molecular and cellular biology processes.

Main Results:

  • Cohesin's 45-nm ring structure supports diverse mechanisms for chromatin binding and cohesion establishment.
  • Elaborate regulatory mechanisms involving auxiliary factors control cohesin's lifecycle.
  • These factors dictate cohesin's chromatin association, activation, and timely removal.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cohesin regulation is key to deciphering higher-order chromosome organization.
  • Further research into cohesion mechanisms promises significant insights into chromosome biology.
  • The complex interplay of cohesin and its factors is fundamental for genomic stability.