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Related Concept Videos

Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
Migration00:53

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications
07:37

Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications

Published on: January 19, 2018

Temporal dynamics within a contemporary latitudinal diversity gradient.

Jonathan A D Fisher1, Kenneth T Frank, Brian Petrie

  • 1Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. jonathan.fisher@queensu.ca

Ecology Letters
|July 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Species diversity gradients are changing. Climate signals like the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) impact these patterns, altering species distributions and highlighting the need to study contemporary latitudinal diversity gradients (LDG).

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Area of Science:

  • Macroecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Fisheries Science

Background:

  • Latitudinal diversity gradients (LDG) are a fundamental ecological pattern, showing declining species diversity towards the poles.
  • Contemporary dynamics of LDG are understudied, despite potential modifications from global change and shifting ecological conditions.
  • The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a major climate signal influencing marine ecosystems and temperature gradients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine temporal variations in a temperate Northwest Atlantic LDG.
  • To explore the relationship between LDG dynamics and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).
  • To understand how climate variability affects species distributions and diversity patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 31 years of annual fisheries-independent survey data.
  • Analyzed temporal variations in the latitudinal diversity gradient.
  • Correlated LDG slope changes with the sign and strength of the wintertime NAO.

Main Results:

  • Annual LDG slopes exhibited significant temporal variation, driven by shifts in the geographic distributions of over 100 species.
  • These dynamic changes in species distribution were previously masked by static, cumulative LDG analyses.
  • Variations in LDG were strongly associated with interannual changes in NAO sign and strength, impacting bottom water temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of temporal dynamics in a contemporary LDG.
  • Demonstrates the rapid alteration of LDG by local environmental variations, particularly climate signals like the NAO.
  • Emphasizes the necessity of investigating factors modifying LDG independently from their historical origins.