Abnormal fundus autofluorescence patterns in myopic choroidal neovascularisation

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Medical Imaging
• Retinal Diseases

Background:

• Myopic choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a significant cause of vision loss.
• Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) provides insights into retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor function.
• Understanding FAF patterns in myopic CNV is crucial for monitoring disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and characterize fundus autofluorescence (FAF) findings in eyes diagnosed with myopic choroidal neovascularisation (CNV).
• To establish a pattern classification for FAF changes associated with myopic CNV.
• To explore the potential of FAF patterns in predicting chorioretinal atrophy.

Main Methods:

• An observational case series design was employed.
• Twenty-seven eyes with established myopic CNV (≥1 year) were included.
• FAF patterns, timing relative to CNV onset, and longitudinal FAF changes were systematically evaluated.

Main Results:

• Four distinct FAF patterns (I-IV) were identified, characterized by hypoautofluorescence and hyperautofluorescence around the CNV, with increasing time since CNV onset.
• Well-defined FAF defects correlated with chorioretinal atrophy observed on fundus photography.
• Progression was noted, with Pattern I evolving to Pattern II in two eyes, and enlargement of FAF defects in 11 eyes.

Conclusions:

• FAF changes in myopic CNV demonstrate a progressive pattern over time, classifiable into distinct stages.
• A proposed FAF pattern classification may serve as a valuable tool for predicting the development and extent of chorioretinal atrophy in myopic CNV.
• Longitudinal FAF analysis offers prognostic information regarding structural changes in the macula.