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Related Concept Videos

SDS-PAGE01:27

SDS-PAGE

Gel electrophoresis is a method that separates biological macromolecules like nucleic acids or proteins by forcing them to pass through a gel matrix under an electric field.
A variation of gel electrophoresis, termed  polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is commonly used for separating proteins according to their molecular size by passing them through a polyacrylamide gel. Because of the varying charges associated with amino acid side chains, PAGE can be used to separate intact proteins...
Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as  cells...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Centrifugation01:05

Centrifugation

Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Separation of Bioactive Small Molecules, Peptides from Natural Sources and Proteins from Microbes by Preparative Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) Method
09:57

Separation of Bioactive Small Molecules, Peptides from Natural Sources and Proteins from Microbes by Preparative Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) Method

Published on: June 14, 2020

Protein separation by differential drainage from foam.

S B Mohan1, A Lyddiatt

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|November 20, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Foam fractionation can further enrich low-concentration beer components beyond initial foaming. Differential drainage from collapsed foam offers a novel method for separating proteins and other valuable compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Separation Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Beer is a complex mixture of yeast, malt, and hop components.
  • Foam fractionation is a technique used to separate components from liquids.
  • The primary foaming stage in beer concentrates most components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of foam fractionation beyond the initial foaming stage.
  • To demonstrate further enrichment of beer components using differential foam drainage.
  • To explore novel fractionation methods for low-concentration beer constituents.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized commercially available beer as a model system.
  • Collected and analyzed collapsed foam over a 30-minute period.
  • Observed differential drainage of components from the foam structure.

Main Results:

  • Most beer components concentrated in the initial foam.
  • Differential drainage led to further enrichment of specific components.
  • Components present in low initial concentrations showed significant enrichment.

Conclusions:

  • Foam fractionation has potential beyond the primary foaming stage.
  • Preferential foam drainage offers a novel fractionation method.
  • This technique can be used to further fractionate proteins and other low-concentration components in beer.