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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
X-Inactivation01:58

X-Inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
06:05

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

Multiple urogenital abnormalities in a Persian cat.

Moon-Jung Goo1, Bruce H Williams, Il-Hwa Hong

  • 1Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 702-701, #1370, Sangyeok-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
|July 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A rare combination of congenital urinary and uterine abnormalities was diagnosed in a young Persian cat. This case highlights the importance of thorough genitourinary examination in young animals with clinical signs.

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Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice
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Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
06:05

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice
10:23

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice

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Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
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Published on: December 4, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Comparative Pathology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Congenital abnormalities of the genitourinary tract can present with diverse clinical signs in domestic animals.
  • Early diagnosis and understanding of complex congenital defects are crucial for effective management and prognosis.

Observation:

  • A 1.5-year-old female Persian cat exhibited inappetence and azotemia.
  • Diagnostic imaging revealed agenesis of the right kidney and ureter, alongside uterine abnormalities.

Findings:

  • The uterus displayed segmental aplasia of the right caudal uterine horn, leading to fluid distension.
  • Microscopic examination showed reduced endometrial glands in the affected horn, with evidence of hemorrhage suggestive of estrus.

Implications:

  • This case represents the first documented instance of this specific combination of urinary and uterine congenital abnormalities in veterinary literature.
  • It underscores the need for comprehensive diagnostic approaches to identify complex developmental defects in feline patients.