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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
08:40

Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis

Published on: September 22, 2019

Pathogenic agents in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Guillaume Pineton de Chambrun1, Jean-Frédéric Colombel, Daniel Poulain

  • 1Clinic of Digestive Disorders and Nutrition, Hôpital Claude Huriez, CHRU Lille, France.

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|July 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infectious agents like Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis, Escherichia coli, and Candida may contribute to Crohn's disease. Genetic susceptibility influences the immune response to these microbes, potentially triggering inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Infectious agents are implicated in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Recent research highlights Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli, and yeasts as potential contributors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence linking specific infectious agents to Crohn's disease.
  • To explore the mechanisms of interaction between these microbes and the host immune system.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of M. avium subsp paratuberculosis association with Crohn's disease.
  • Review of randomized controlled trials on antibiotic therapy for Crohn's disease.
  • Examination of E. coli adherence mechanisms and CEACAM6 expression.
  • Analysis of serologic markers, including anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies.
  • Investigation of Candida albicans' role and host immune response.

Main Results:

  • A significant association between M. avium subsp paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease was found.
  • Combined antibiotic therapy showed no sustained benefit for active Crohn's disease remission.
  • Adherent-invasive E. coli utilizes type 1 pili to bind CEACAM6, which is overexpressed in Crohn's disease patients, creating an amplification loop.
  • Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies are prevalent in Crohn's disease.
  • Loss of tolerance to Candida albicans may lead to antibody formation in genetically susceptible individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis, adherent-invasive E. coli, and Candida are strong candidates for an infectious etiology of Crohn's disease.
  • Genetic susceptibility, particularly impaired defense against intracellular bacteria, plays a crucial role in disease development.