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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Intravascular Delivery of Biologics to the Rat Kidney
07:29

Intravascular Delivery of Biologics to the Rat Kidney

Published on: September 1, 2016

Improper renal dosing in long-term care facilities.

Ali R Rahimi1, Klugh Kennedy, Misha Thomason

  • 1SouthEastern Georgia Geriatrics, Savannah, GA 31419, USA.

Southern Medical Journal
|July 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Physicians in Georgia nursing facilities often fail to adjust medication dosages for elderly patients with declining renal function. This study highlights a critical gap in geriatric pharmacotherapy, impacting patient safety and treatment efficacy.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Intravascular Delivery of Biologics to the Rat Kidney
07:29

Intravascular Delivery of Biologics to the Rat Kidney

Published on: September 1, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Physiologic changes with aging impact drug metabolism.
  • Renal function decline is a predictable change in the geriatric population.
  • Impaired renal function affects drug excretion and necessitates dose adjustments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate physician prescribing habits.
  • To assess the attention given to patient renal function in medication prescribing.
  • To identify potential gaps in geriatric pharmacotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Data collected from two nursing facilities in southeastern Georgia.
  • Analysis of prescribing habits using two models.
  • Logistic regression estimates were employed for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Physicians were found to not consistently follow recommendations for dose adjustments.
  • This non-adherence was observed for renally excreted medications.
  • The study identified a significant gap in managing medications in relation to renal function.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians should evaluate current medications in geriatric patients.
  • Establishing a baseline of renal function is crucial.
  • Assessing the degree of renal function decline is recommended for appropriate medication management.