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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Published on: March 29, 2019

Does increased urination frequency protect against bladder cancer?

Debra T Silverman¹, Juan Alguacil, Nathaniel Rothman

¹Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. silvermd@mail.nih.gov

International Journal of Cancer

|July 16, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia), may significantly lower bladder cancer risk. This protective effect was observed across various water intake levels and reduced smoking-related risks.

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Area of Science:

Urology
Oncology
Epidemiology

Background:

Experimental studies indicate increased urination frequency may reduce bladder cancer risk by limiting carcinogen contact time.
Previous human studies on this association are limited and yielded conflicting results.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between urination frequency and bladder cancer risk in a large human cohort.
To evaluate the protective effect of nocturia on bladder cancer risk.

Main Methods:

A multicenter case-control study involving 884 bladder cancer patients and 996 controls in Spain (1998-2001).
Data collected via interviews assessing voiding frequency and other risk factors like water intake and smoking.

Main Results:

A consistent inverse trend between nighttime voiding frequency and bladder cancer risk was observed in both men and women.
Voiding at least twice per night (nocturia) was associated with a 40-50% reduction in bladder cancer risk.
Nocturia demonstrated a protective effect regardless of water consumption levels and significantly reduced smoking-related bladder cancer risk.

Conclusions:

Nocturia appears to have a strong protective effect against bladder cancer in humans.
Findings suggest that reduced contact time between urine carcinogens and the urothelium, potentially aided by increased urination frequency and water intake, diminishes bladder cancer risk.