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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
10:16

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies

Published on: September 15, 2016

Autoimmunity and oxidatively modified autoantigens.

Biji T Kurien1, R Hal Scofield

  • 1Arthritis and Immunology Program, USA.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|July 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxidative damage creates harmful by-products that modify proteins, leading to autoimmune diseases like SLE and RA. Antioxidant therapy may prevent or reduce these conditions, despite mixed results in cardiovascular disease.

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Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

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10:16

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Published on: September 15, 2016

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11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species cause oxidative damage, generating toxic by-products.
  • Oxidized proteins and their adducts are key mediators of cell toxicity and disease.
  • Aldehydic products, like 4-hydroxy-2-alkenals, modify proteins, making them immunogenic and triggering pathogenic antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of oxidative damage and modified proteins in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
  • To investigate the link between specific oxidative modifications and diseases such as SLE, DM, and RA.
  • To evaluate the potential of antioxidant administration as a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on oxidative damage markers in various autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of protein adducts and autoantibodies associated with disease activity.
  • Examination of animal models demonstrating epitope spreading following modification of autoantigens.

Main Results:

  • Oxidative modifications (e.g., 8-oxodG, oxidized LDL, AGEs, modified GAD) are implicated in SLE, DM, RA, and Behcet's disease.
  • Immunization with modified autoantigens can accelerate disease progression in animal models.
  • Oxidative fragmentation of autoantigens may release cryptic epitopes, driving autoantibody production.

Conclusions:

  • Oxidative damage is a significant factor in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases.
  • Targeting oxidative stress with antioxidants presents a potential therapeutic avenue for autoimmune conditions.
  • Further research is needed to optimize antioxidant strategies, considering past limitations in cardiovascular disease treatment.