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Related Concept Videos

Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
07:25

Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Published on: July 16, 2020

Pott's disease in a young child.

R Parvin1, M A Haque, M N Islam

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. rukhsana7498@ yahoo.com

Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ
|July 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights a 16-month-old child with spinal tuberculosis presenting with kyphosis and abscess. Early diagnosis and multi-modal treatment, including anti-tubercular drugs and immobilization, led to significant clinical improvement.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
07:25

Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Published on: July 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Spinal Tuberculosis
  • Medical Case Study

Background:

  • Spinal tuberculosis (TB) is a significant cause of morbidity in children, often presenting with subtle symptoms.
  • A 16-month-old child with a history of contact with a sputum smear-positive father presented with prolonged illness.

Observation:

  • A 16-month-old child presented with persistent fever, kyphosis, and a paravertebral abscess.
  • The child exhibited symptoms of malnutrition, appetite loss, and neurological deficits in the lower limbs.
  • A history of contact with a sputum smear-positive father suggested potential TB exposure.

Findings:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the dorsolumbar spine confirmed the diagnosis.
  • Treatment involved anti-tubercular drugs, repeated abscess drainage, antibiotics, and spinal immobilization with a brace.
  • Management of severe malnutrition was initiated concurrently.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering spinal TB in pediatric patients with relevant symptoms and risk factors.
  • Aggressive, multi-modal treatment can lead to significant clinical improvement in pediatric spinal TB.
  • Early intervention is crucial for favorable outcomes and preventing long-term sequelae.