Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Identifying and ranking novel independent features for cardiovascular disease prediction in people with type 2 diabetes.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2023

Same author

Lowering of Central Aortic Blood Pressure-Not All Antihypertensive Agents Are Created Equal: Differential Impact of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on Central Aortic Pressure and Clinical Outcomes: Principal Results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) Study. Circulation 113: 1213-1225, 2006.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2023

Same author

Risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases treated with immunosuppressive therapy in Scotland.

Scandinavian journal of rheumatology·2022

Same author

The carbon partitioning of glucose and DIC in mixotrophic, heterotrophic and photoautotrophic cultures of Tetraselmis suecica.

Biotechnology letters·2021

Same author

Gnomonious projections for bend-free textures: thoughts on the splay-twist phase.

Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2020

Same author

Ethnic differences in the severity and clinical management of type 2 diabetes at time of diagnosis: A cohort study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2020

Same journal

Unhealthy fat distribution as a sex-specific predictor of declining hippocampus insulin sensitivity.

Diabetologia·2026

Same journal

Baseline and longitudinal joint associations of alcohol consumption and obesity with diabetes risk: evaluating multiplicative and additive interactions.

Diabetologia·2026

Same journal

GIP contributes to postprandial regulation of splanchnic blood supply in humans with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

Diabetologia·2026

Same journal

Correction: Analysis of glycaemic control with a connected smart pen cap in adults with type 1 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, parallel-group trial.

Diabetologia·2026

Same journal

History of infertility, risk of type 2 diabetes and HbA<sub>1c</sub> levels in the Nurses' Health Study II.

Diabetologia·2026

Same journal

Delayed maturation of the milk microbiome in women with type 1 diabetes.

Diabetologia·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Ethnic differences in retinal microvascular structure.

T Tillin¹, R M Evans, N W Witt

¹International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, 59 North Wharf Road, London W2 1LA, UK. t.tillin@imperial.ac.uk

|July 16, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

British African Caribbeans show poorer retinal arteriolar endothelial function and narrower arterioles compared to white Europeans. These differences are linked to blood pressure and potentially impacted by diabetes.

More Related Videos

Intravital Video Microscopy Measurements of Retinal Blood Flow in Mice

Intravital Video Microscopy Measurements of Retinal Blood Flow in Mice

Published on: December 26, 2013

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies

Published on: October 22, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Intravital Video Microscopy Measurements of Retinal Blood Flow in Mice

Intravital Video Microscopy Measurements of Retinal Blood Flow in Mice

Published on: December 26, 2013

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies

Published on: October 22, 2014

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Vascular Biology
Public Health

Background:

Individuals of African origin exhibit a higher risk of stroke and retinal microvascular disease than those of European origin.
Retinal microvasculature provides insights into systemic vascular health and disease risk.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively compare retinal microvasculature characteristics between British white Europeans and African Caribbeans.
To investigate ethnic differences in retinal arteriolar endothelial function and diameter.

Main Methods:

A population-based study involving 215 British African-Caribbean migrants and 323 white Europeans aged 40-69 years.
Digitized retinal images were analyzed using a validated semi-automated system to assess microvasculature.
Key metrics included arteriolar optimality deviation (endothelial function) and arteriolar diameter.

Main Results:

African Caribbeans displayed greater arteriolar optimality deviation, indicating poorer endothelial function, unexplained by conventional risk factors.
Arteriolar diameters were narrower in African Caribbeans, a difference attenuated by systolic blood pressure (SBP) adjustment.
A significant interaction between diabetes and SBP was observed, affecting the association between SBP and arteriolar diameter differently across ethnic groups.

Conclusions:

British African Caribbeans exhibit poorer retinal arteriolar endothelial function compared to white Europeans.
Elevated blood pressure accounts for narrower arterioles in African Caribbeans.
Diabetes and blood pressure interactions may adversely affect cerebral autoregulation and vascular remodeling in both ethnic groups.