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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...
Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations01:21

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations

Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

Metal biosorption equilibria in a ternary system.

K H Chong1, B Volesky

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2A7 Canada.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|March 20, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed effectively removes copper, cadmium, and zinc from water. The multicomponent Langmuir model showed nonideal metal uptake, limiting prediction accuracy for mixed solutions.

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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
11:04

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Treatment
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments poses significant risks.
  • Biosorbents offer a sustainable approach for removing toxic metals from wastewater.
  • Ascophyllum nodosum is a readily available seaweed biomass with potential biosorptive properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the equilibrium metal uptake capacity of Ascophyllum nodosum for copper, cadmium, and zinc.
  • To investigate the sorption behavior of these metals in binary and ternary mixtures.
  • To assess the applicability of the multicomponent Langmuir model for predicting ternary metal sorption.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of a biosorbent from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed biomass.
  • Batch equilibrium studies using aqueous solutions with copper, cadmium, and zinc ions.
  • Graphical representation of ternary equilibrium data using triangular diagrams.
  • Application and analysis of the multicomponent Langmuir model.

Main Results:

  • Ascophyllum nodosum demonstrated metal uptake capabilities in binary and ternary systems.
  • Triangular equilibrium diagrams effectively visualized ternary sorption data.
  • The multicomponent Langmuir model indicated nonideal sorption characteristics for the metal mixtures.
  • Apparent dissociation constants varied across different metal systems, hindering direct prediction from binary data.

Conclusions:

  • Ascophyllum nodosum is a viable biosorbent for removing copper, cadmium, and zinc.
  • The multicomponent Langmuir model's predictive power for ternary systems was limited due to nonideal interactions.
  • Experimental data and binary subsystem analysis provided insights into ternary system behavior.