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In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

The Valencia Programme for Fertility Preservation.

M Sánchez¹, E Novella-Maestre, J Teruel

¹Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, IVI-Valencia, Valencia, Spain. mariasanchez@ivi.es

Clinical & Translational Oncology : Official Publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico

|July 17, 2008

Summary

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation offers a viable method for preserving fertility in young women undergoing cancer treatment. This procedure successfully restored ovarian function in two patients post-chemotherapy, demonstrating its potential to prevent premature ovarian failure.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

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Minimally Invasive Embryo Transfer and Embryo Vitrification at the Optimal Embryo Stage in Rabbit Model

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Published on: May 16, 2019

Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Oncology
Surgical Innovation

Background:

Increasing cancer incidence and survival rates necessitate advanced fertility preservation strategies.
Young women undergoing cancer treatment face risks of premature ovarian failure (POF).
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is explored as a fertility-saving option.

Observation:

200 women participated, with breast and Hodgkin's disease patients forming the majority.
Ovarian cortex was cryopreserved laparoscopically before oncological treatment.
Ovarian tissue implants were performed after disease remission.

Findings:

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is a feasible procedure, yielding viable tissue samples.
Ovarian function resumption was observed in 50% of patients with prior chemotherapy who received implants.
The procedure did not disrupt established cancer therapy schedules.

Implications:

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is a promising approach for fertility preservation in cancer patients.
This technique can help mitigate the risk of premature ovarian failure.
It offers hope for restoring reproductive function in young women affected by cancer treatment.