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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric Analysis
09:41

Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric Analysis

Published on: July 26, 2024

Thymic function in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

A R Lorenzi1, T A Morgan, A Anderson

  • 1Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
|July 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) show normal thymic function, unlike adults with autoimmune diseases. This study assessed thymic output and T cell generation in pediatric JIA patients compared to healthy controls.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric Analysis
09:41

Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric Analysis

Published on: July 26, 2024

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatric Rheumatology

Background:

  • Thymic function declines with age and is linked to adult autoimmune diseases.
  • Previous research has not formally assessed thymic function in childhood autoimmunity.
  • Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a common autoimmune condition in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine thymic function in children and young adults diagnosed with JIA.
  • To compare thymic function in JIA patients with age-matched healthy controls.
  • To investigate potential correlations between JIA subtypes, treatments, and thymic function.

Main Methods:

  • Measured thymic function using four independent assays in 70 JIA patients and 110 controls.
  • Quantified T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and recent thymic emigrants (%RTEs).
  • Assessed intrathymic proliferation (alphaTREC/SigmabetaTREC ratio) and thymic regulatory T cell (Treg) generation.

Main Results:

  • Thymic function was comparable between JIA patients and healthy controls across all four measured parameters.
  • No consistent effect of JIA subtype on thymic function was observed, with a slight increase in proliferation in the RF(+) polyarticular group.
  • Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and corticosteroids did not significantly impact thymic function.

Conclusions:

  • Children and young adults with JIA exhibit normal thymic function, contrasting with findings in adult autoimmune diseases.
  • The preserved thymic function in pediatric JIA suggests that thymic impairment may not be a primary factor in the disease's onset.
  • These findings prompt further investigation into the causes of thymic dysfunction observed in adult autoimmunity.