Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Chemiosmosis

Chemiosmosis

Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes on the inner mitochondrial membrane that undergo a series of redox reactions. At the end of this chain, the electrons reduce...

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

[Hip fracture in elderly patients; additional value of a multidisciplinary approach and concentration of care].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2017

Same author

Trust in scientific publishing.

Journal of business ethics : JBE·2002

Same journal

Screen for Footprints of Selection during Domestication/Captive Breeding of Atlantic Salmon.

Comparative and functional genomics·2013

Same journal

Gemi: PCR primers prediction from multiple alignments.

Comparative and functional genomics·2013

Same journal

TnpPred: A Web Service for the Robust Prediction of Prokaryotic Transposases.

Comparative and functional genomics·2012

Same journal

The α(1)AT and TIMP-1 Gene Polymorphism in the Development of Asthma.

Comparative and functional genomics·2012

Same journal

Comparative Analysis of MicroRNAs between Sporophyte and Gametophyte of Porphyra yezoensis.

Comparative and functional genomics·2012

Same journal

Correlation of aquaporins and transmembrane solute transporters revealed by genome-wide analysis in developing maize leaf.

Comparative and functional genomics·2012

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

C(2)M: configurable chemical middleware.

P van der Vet¹, H E Roosendaal, P A Geurts

¹Department of Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. vet@cs.utwente.nl

Comparative and Functional Genomics

|July 17, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists can now generate data converters (wrappers) using a desktop tool called C(2)M. This tool simplifies data format conversion, saving time and effort in scientific research.

More Related Videos

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Versatile CO₂ Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Versatile CO₂ Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

Computer Science
Bioinformatics
Data Management

Background:

Concurrent use of diverse scientific resources is hindered by data format multiplicity.
Existing solutions for data conversion are often complex and costly for individual researchers.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a user-friendly wrapper generator for scientists.
To automate the creation of data converters and documentation from high-level format descriptions.

Main Methods:

Developed C(2)M, a desktop wrapper generator.
Utilized a high-level, scientist-friendly language for format specification.
Automatically generated data wrappers and human-readable documentation from specifications.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the feasibility of user-governed wrapper generation.
Successfully created converters for handling multiple data formats.
Enabled automatic generation of documentation alongside wrappers.

Conclusions:

C(2)M empowers scientists to manage data format heterogeneity independently.
The approach facilitates efficient data integration and accessibility in scientific workflows.
Future work will focus on code consolidation and expanding format compatibility.