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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
12:18

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Published on: February 9, 2011

Severe acute otitis media in children.

G Pavlovcinova1, J Jakubikova, P Hromadkova

  • 1Children's ENT Department, Children's University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia. gabikad@yahoo.com

Bratislavske Lekarske Listy
|July 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Severe acute otitis media (AOM) in children is increasing, often caused by antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. This necessitates careful antibiotic prescription and may require surgical intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood infection.
  • A concerning rise in severe AOM relapses and hospitalizations due to antibiotic-resistant pathogens, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae, has been observed.
  • This trend poses significant challenges in pediatric healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the etiological agents responsible for severe AOM in hospitalized children.
  • To analyze antibiotic resistance patterns of these agents.
  • To explore treatment alternatives and prevention strategies for severe AOM.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 76 children hospitalized with severe AOM between January 2005 and December 2006.
  • Focus on identifying the causative microorganisms and assessing their antibiotic sensitivity.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
12:18

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Published on: February 9, 2011

  • Analysis of treatment outcomes, including surgical interventions.

    • Main Results:

    • Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent etiological agent (37 cases).
    • Approximately 70% of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates exhibited resistance to common antibiotics.
    • Seven cases of mastoiditis were recorded, with six requiring mastoidectomy or antrotomy.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate identification of the etiological agent and its antibiotic sensitivity is crucial for effective treatment of severe AOM.
    • Increasing bacterial resistance necessitates rational antibiotic prescribing.
    • Severe AOM cases may require surgical interventions like tympanotomy with ventilation tube insertion or mastoidectomy.